There are a lot of other treatments for cancer of the prostate, and all of them are employed based on the merits of each patient’s suffering. For instance, late stage prostate cancer would likely be treated by hormonal therapy to slow its growth and reverse its progression; but if the cancer was nonresponsive to hormonal therapy, chemotherapy might be the best prostate cancer treatment approach for him.

Cancers that have not spread outside the prostate can be dealt decisively with by prostatectomy or radiation treatment, but that also might depend on the patient’s personal beliefs and his overall state of health.

Other remedies for prostate cancer – cryosurgery, immunotherapy, proton therapy, palliative care, and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) all rest very heavily on the staging of the prostate form of cancer, on the perception and expertise of the doctor in charge, and on the health and disposition of the patient…

did I mention age?

As such, a patient walking in and just getting diagnosed with prostate type of cancer has to be patient to let the doctors do all the tests that they have to do, collate their findings, and then talk them through their options before they decide this is right for them or this is wrong. That is the best treatment for cancer of the prostate, and not anything else.

Reading about the different Prostate Cancer Treatments will help you understand them better and help you find which is the best for you.

Diet and lifestyle play important role in prevention of cancer. Proper intake of necessary vitamins is required to prevent this deadly disease. Nowadays herbal cures and many such alternative methods are available to treat cancer.

Green Tea: Tea is the most consumed liquid in the world next only to water.

Green tea contains polyphenols that act as nontoxic antioxidants. The presence of polyphenols almost nullifies the growth of cancer cells, their division and spreading. Researches have found that people consuming green tea have possibly lower risk of developing cancer. Green tea supplemented with a nutritious diet effectively prevents the development of cancer.

Mangosteen juice: Mangosteen juice effectively prevents cancer. Researches have shown that Mangosteen contains a substance called phytoceuticals otherwise called as xanthones. This phytoceuticals is capable of shrinking tumor, prevent leukemia, prevent fungal infections, protect DNA since it is antibacterial, destroy deadly cancer cells and create a planned cell death for few forms of cancer.

The presence of numerous medicinal properties makes mangosteen juice a drink to effectively prevent cancer.

Dr. Thomas Balshi, a widely respected dermatologist and internal medicine specialist in South Florida, has joined the board of directors for Nutritional Products International and its sister company, InHealth Media.

Dr. Balshi brings to the board a wealth of knowledge and experience in best practices for caring and maintaining one’s skin, which will help the companies expand their client base with some of the world’s leading skin care brands. NPI and InHealth Media are based in Delray Beach, Florida, and specialize in the retail distribution and marketing of nutraceutical and sports nutrition products across North America.

“We are thrilled to add Dr. Balshi to our distinguished board of directors in our family of companies,” said Mitch Gould, the CEO of both NPI and InHealth Media. “His expertise in skin care will help us to distribute and market some of the best products in the world in this area. It will also further validate NPI’s position in bringing top-quality skin care lines into the American marketplace.”

Dr. Balshi is a board-certified dermatologist and internal medicine specialist, focusing on esthetic skin cancer removal and cosmetic-enhancing dermatology procedures like superficial, medium and deep chemical peels, Botox, Collagen, Restylane and Perlane treatments. His clinic, the Dermatology & Liposculpture Center of Delray Beach, has a unique approach to cosmetic surgery through a concept of “whole body wellness,” with an eye on making a positive impact on the both the body and mind while boosting patients’ self-esteem and body image.

In addition to cosmetic surgery procedures, the Dermatology & Liposculpture Center offers treatments for skin cancer, liposculpture, laser treatments and more. All of its treatments are performed at the clinic, with no anesthesia required for most procedures.

NPI (http://www.nutricompanies.co) is one of the world’s leading nutraceutical companies, providing sales and distribution services for worldwide brands. It specializes in working with key buyers across the United States, providing a fast track to the world’s most important market.

InHealth Media (http://www.inhealthmedia.com) provides comprehensive and strategic media services for sporting goods companies, sports media firms and organizations that manufacture sports nutrition, nutraceutical, functional foods, functional beverage and personal care brands, among many others.

To learn more about Dr. Balshi and his clinic, visit http://southflderm.com.

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The law firm of Hissey Kientz, LLP is announcing the launch of its new Crestor website, Crestor Side Effects Lawyers (http://www.crestorsideeffectslawyers.com/). The site will serve as a source for news and legal information for patients and their families who have experienced problems after taking Crestor.

Crestor (rosuvastatin) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2003 as a cholesterol treatment designed to potentially lower the risk of heart disease in patients taking the drug. Crestor is part of a larger class of cholesterol drugs known as statins, which includes Zocor and Lipitor. Lipitor rose to become the best-selling drug of all time before recently losing its patent protection, as reported by the New York Times.

Recent studies published in The Lancet have linked Crestor to a number of serious and possibly deadly side effects, including cardiomyopathy, kidney problems and diabetes. Researchers with the University of Glasgow and Canterbury Health Laboratories found that Crestor users are more likely to develop diabetes than non-users and could face an increased risk of cardiomyopathy or other heart problems.

According to a warning issued by the FDA, a number of Crestor patients reported that they developed kidney failure after taking the drug. The agency also stated that several research subjects showed early signs of kidney failure during clinical trials for Crestor. The FDA has not announced any plans to recall Crestor based on these findings.

Patients who have developed cardiomyopathy or other heart problems, kidney failure or diabetes after taking Crestor may wish to talk with a lawyer to find out if they are eligible to file a Crestor lawsuit. For more information about whether you may have a case, contact the attorneys at Hissey Kientz, LLP by calling toll-free at 1-866-275-4454, or by email at info(at)hkllp(dot)com

About Hissey Kientz, LLP

Hissey Kientz, LLP (http://www.hkllp.com) represents individuals affected the side effects of Crestor, as well as victims of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases, birth defects linked to the antidepressant drugs Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro, Celexa, Effexor, Xanax and Wellbutrin, problems with transvaginal mesh, DePuy ASR and Pinnacle hip replacements, Depakote birth defects, Actos bladder cancer, birth defects caused by Topamax, side effects from Avandia, sexual side effects of Propecia and other defective drugs and medical devices.

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Nearly 13,000 American women were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2011, and more than 4,000 died from an advanced form of the disease, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Allsup, a nationwide provider of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) representation, works with hundreds of cancer patients each year, and is raising awareness of the need for screening and preventive care during Cervical Health Awareness Month in January.

Regular Pap tests, which detect significant abnormal cell changes that may arise before cancer develops, reduce deaths from cervical cancer. Women who have never been screened or who have not been screened in the past five years face a greater risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. Most medical experts agree women age 21 (or younger, if they are sexually active) to about 70 should be screened every two to three years. Women should seek expert medical advice about when they should begin screening, how often they should be screened, and when they can discontinue cervical screenings, especially if they are at higher than average risk due to factors such as HIV infection.

Despite the effectiveness of Pap tests in preventing deaths, the most recent NCI statistics (2005) indicate that more than 20 percent of women aged 18 and older had not had a Pap test within the past three years.

According to the National Cervical Cancer Coalition, while routine administration of Pap tests is the best method to detect cervical cancer at an early stage, vaccines have the potential to protect women from the disease by targeting cancer-causing types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV, a virus transmitted through sexual contact, is the single known cause of cervical cancer.

Cervical Cancer and Social Security Disability Insurance

Some women may be unable to work due to progression of their cervical cancer or because of continuous cancer treatment. If their time away from work is expected to last 12 months or more, they may be eligible for SSDI. SSDI is funded by FICA taxes and provides benefits to Americans unable to work due to a severe, long-term disability. These benefits include:

Alere Wellbeing (formerly Free & Clear), the worlds largest provider of tobacco quitline services, announced today the success of the first annual International Quitline Institute (IQI) held in Seattle October 9-14, 2011. The event brought 26 attendees from 16 countries representing all six World Health Organization regions.

The IQI was a collaborative effort on the part of Alere Wellbeing and the University of Washington along with the American Cancer Society

Tennessee plastic surgeon, Dr. Guillory launched his new website to showcase his practice in a new revamped and informative structure that will keep his existing patients and potential new patients across the United States informed on the services he offers.

The new website focuses on the specialties of Cookeville Plastic Surgery Center and Dr. Guillory, including both cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. In cosmetic surgery, Dr. Guillorys practice focuses on breast enlargement, breast lift, breast reduction, multiple facial procedures, and multiple body procedures.

In reconstructive surgery, Dr. Guillory focuses on post-cancer treatment (breast reconstruction), skin cancer, post-burn, congenital defects and various types of injury. Dr. Guillorys new website brings all of these procedures to light in a new informative way that will help patients make the right decisions when considering cosmetic or reconstructive surgery.

Dr. Guillory is a Board Certified plastic surgeon with more than 15 years of service in the Cookeville, Tennessee area. Specializing in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, Dr. Guillory is noted as one of the regions top plastic surgeons. He is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and is a member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons .

After 15 years of service in Cookeville, Tennessee, I wanted to create a website that would better inform my patients of the options available to them at Cookeville Plastic Surgery Center. I have no doubt that this new website does exactly that, explains Dr. Guillory. The new website helps provide current patients, and future patients with the information that everyone should see when considering plastic surgery.

Dr. Guillory is also happy to offer a free initial consultation for any new customers that are considering plastic surgery. The consultation is designed to be an information gathering session in which Dr. Guillory can assess the needs of the patient and create a personalized plan of action.

About Dr. Dale Guillory: Dr. Dale Guillory is a Board Certified plastic surgeon specializing in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery out of Cookeville, Tennessee. His practice offers multiple cosmetic procedures including his specialties: breast augmentation, multiple facial procedures and multiple body procedures.

His practice also includes reconstructive surgeries including; post-cancer, post-burn, congenital defect and various injury surgeries. Dr. Guillory earned his medical degree from Louisiana State University Medical Center and completed a fellowship in burn and plastic surgery at the University of Tennessee Hospital in Memphis.

Cookeville Plastic Surgery Center

Dr. Dale Guillory

39 E. First Street

Cookeville, TN 38501

Phone: (931)520-7520

Fax: (931)526-8212

Cookeville Plastic Surgery Center

Dr. Dale Guillory

1645 S. Main St., Crossville, TN 38555

Phone: 866-808-0159

Fax: (931)526-8212

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The Mesothelioma Victims Center says, “We will provide a US Navy Veteran, an individual, or a family dealing with a mesothelioma diagnosis with a personalized mesothelioma cancer treatment options report, that details the very best oncologists, or medical practice groups, that specialize in the treatment of mesothelioma, along with their contacts, in the specific area, or region of the victim of mesothelioma.” In addition the Mesothelioma Victims Center is the only group in the United States that will identify the most capable, and successful mesothelioma attorneys, or mesothelioma trial law firms in the nation, and provide specific contacts. No other group in the nation offers services like these. The group will also try to help a US Navy Veteran, an individual, or a family dealing with mesothelioma to get vital instant information about how to deal with, and or how to try to live with mesothelioma. No other group in the United States offers anything close to this level, or quality of service. For more information US Navy Veterans, individuals, or families dealing with mesothelioma are encouraged to contact the Mesothelioma Victims Center anytime at 866-714-6466, or they can contact group via their web site at http://MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.Com

Why does the Mesothelioma Victims Center mention US Navy Veterans so frequently in it’s press releases? The group says, “This year, nearly 3000 US citizens will be diagnosed with a rare form of cancer called mesothelioma. Of this group, about one third will be US Navy Veterans.” The Mesothelioma Victims Center says, “Our goal is to be the premier advocate for all US mesothelioma victims, we offer more comprehensive free services than any other group, or organization, and our goal is to see to it that no family has to start from scratch, after learning about a mesothelioma diagnosis.” http://MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.Com

Aside from US Navy Veterans, other high risk groups for mesothelioma cancer include shipyard, power plant, or oil refinery workers, plumbers, electricians, county, or city municipal water district workers, miners, demolition construction contractors, railroad workers, or auto brake technicians. The Mesothelioma Victims Center says, “We are becoming increasingly worried about retired electricians, plumbers and especially city or county water works employees, and mesothelioma. If these individuals were working in the 1950′s, 1960′s, 1970′s, or even 1980′s, they were probably exposed to enormous levels of asbestos on their job sites. City or county water works employees could have been exposed to asbestos pipes up until the early 1990′s.” They say, “One thing we really want families to understand is mesothelioma cancer does not typically show up until the Navy Veteran or US citizen is in their 60′s, and more often than not their 70′s, or 80′s. Frequently mesothelioma is diagnosed three, four, or even five decades after the exposure to asbestos.” http://MesotheliomaVictimsCenter.Com

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We have an sufficient quantity of highly qualified and experienced healthcare personnel who focus on patients with prostrate cancer.

They screen and treat the patients as well as give excellent treatments which make sure that these patients of cancer of the prostate survive and thrive.In the Mayo Clinic, males with cancer of the prostate are treated with a devoted team of urologists and oncologists who’re the prostate cancer treatment centers. They provide specialized treatment towards the patients after carefully talking about the choices available. The prostate cancer treatment centers allow us a database where they keep details about patients who’ve gone through various treatments effectively and therefore someone has the capacity to pick the method which will exercise well on their behalf. These prostate cancer treatment centers possess a research wing in which the oncologists perform research about the causes and control over prostrate cancer.

You will find other prostrate cancer centers that are based in the College of Texas.

This really is known to as MD Anderson Cancer Center that provides diagnosis and treatment services to cancer of the prostate patients based there. These prostate cancer treatment centers educate the patients regarding how to choose among the different cancer of the prostate treatments available before they create your final decision.Other colleges which have prostate cancer treatment centers include Lorna Linda College that provides management of cancer of the prostate using Proton Treatment. It is probably the nations prostate cancer treatment centers that utilizes proton therapy to deal with the patients.At Dana Farber cancer of the prostate treatment facility strategy to patients that is provided through genitourinary treatment.

Every case of cancer is different and requires individual diagnosis and treatment. In addition to this, cancer occurring in any part of the body has unique characteristics. Cancer involving the terminal part of the large intestine, known as colon cancer, seldom occurs in persons below the age of 40. It is a serious form of cancer, and treatment should begin early.

In general, any persistent change in bowel habits should alert a person to the possibility that colon cancer, or a condition that may lead to it, may be present in his body. Some of the changes that may signal potential danger include the following conditions: constipation or diarrhea that may not go away after about five days to a week; a feeling of not being able to eliminate all the waste matter; rectal bleeding or blood in the feces; constant or frequent gas pains; and abdominal cramps.

None of the symptoms mentioned above definitely signals the presence of colon cancer. Still, each of those symptoms may indicate that something about the large intestine may have changed, and that the sooner the person finds out exactly what that change means, the better are the chances of his doctor dealing with it.

Almost seven decades ago, the five-year survival rate for colon cancer was only about twenty percent. Then the medical field waged a strong campaign to urge people to submit to periodic examinations in the hope that early detection and treatment of colon cancer would improve the chance of survival of a patient. That campaign achieved good results, as the five-year survival rate currently stands at about fifty percent.

The examination procedure to detect the presence of colon cancer involves these three steps: examination of the tissues surrounding the anus and inside the anal canal; examination of the inside of the colon using the sigmoidoscope (an endoscope, specifically a flexible fiberoptic probe); and X-ray examination of the colon, if the physician feels there is a need for this.

So far, the only successful method of treatment for colon cancer is radical removal of the affected tissues by surgery. In advanced colon cancer, the application of radiation (irradiation) or the use of chemical agents (chemotherapy) may be helpful.

Small growths which protrude from the lining of the colon are considered to be forerunners of colon cancer. Stools that are narrower than usual may indicate the presence of such growths. Otherwise, these are easily detected by the examination with the sigmoidoscope; they are readily removed and, therefore, can be used by a pathologist for examination.

Sources:

1. “Colon cancer,” on Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia (online) – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000262.htm

2. “Colon Cancer (Colorectal Cancer),” on MedicineNet.com – http://www.medicinenet.com/colon_cancer/article.htm

3. Yahoo! News: “Corazon Aquino, Philippines president, dead at 76″ – http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/as_obit_corazon_aquino;…

– Colorectal cancers are the leading cancers in both genders. They alone account for 15-20% of all cancers.
– Cancers of the colon account for 60% of colorectal cancers. 
– The estimated incidence of colon cancer in France is about 34 000 new cases per year. In 20 years the incidence has increased by about 40%.
– Colon cancer reaches more particularly the population over 50 years with a prognosis of 5-year survival of only 55%
– The incidence of mortality from colon cancer in France is 18.5 per 100 000 inhabitants. 
– Colon cancer is characterized by a slight male predominance with a sex ratio near 1.5.

The natural history of disease: Subjects at risk

                    1 – average risk patients

These are the topics within the general population, individuals with no family history of colon cancer or other cancers encouraging. In this population, the largest, colon cancer is rare before age 50 with a rapid increase with age, the average age of diagnosis was 69.5 years for men and 72.8 years for women.

                    2 – High-Risk Subjects

They are of different origins:

Subjects with one or more first degree relatives are diagnosed with colorectal cancer
Studies suggest that individuals with one or more first degree relatives diagnosed with colorectal cancer have a risk of suffering from this cancer doubled compared to the general population. It seems that the risk is especially increased as age of patient is low. The Consensus Conference recommended a screening colonoscopy in individuals with one parent was suffering from colorectal cancer before age 65. The discovery of polyps and their resection requires a test, after 3 years, if a period of 5 years is more than enough before the second check.

Subjects with a family history of colorectal adenoma
The presence of colorectal adenomas is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. The relative risk of parents and siblings of subjects with adenomas compared to the spouse is around 1.8. This risk is increased if the related subjects with adenomas are under the age of 60. A study in Côte d’suggests that the risk of colorectal cancer is related to the size of the adenoma: it is not different from that of controls in the first degree related subjects with adenomas less 1 cm in diameter, whereas it is multiplied by 2.1 in relatives of subjects with adenomas larger than 1 cm in diameter.

Subjects with a personal history of colorectal tumor
The risk of colorectal cancer is higher, multiplied by 3.6 in patients with an adenoma or villous structures of more than one centimeter in diameter and multiplied by 6.6 if the adenomas are multiple.

Subjects with inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory diseases of the colon are exposed to high risk of colon cancer. 
- Ulcerative colitis : the risk of developing colorectal cancer is much more important in case of pancolitis that in case of limited left colon. It is not increased significantly in cases of proctitis.
- Crohn’s disease : some studies suggest that the risk of colorectal cancer is higher if Crohn’s disease was diagnosed before age 30 and was initially extended.

Other risk groups
Women with ovarian cancer or uterine cancer have a risk of colorectal cancer a bit higher than the general population. The colorectal cancer risk is multiplied by 2 only among women with breast cancer when it is diagnosed before age 45 and has at least 10 years of evolution.

                    3 – Subjects with high risk

These subjects are a group with two genetically determined diseases: 

- syndrome of hereditary colorectal cancer without polyps or Lynch syndrome : this syndrome, the mutated genes belong to the family of genes involved in mismatch repair system of DNA.
- familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) : less than 1% of colorectal cancers are due to FAP.This disease is characterized by the development of hundreds of adenomatous polyps lining the intestinal mucosa.

Screening

Screening is based on risk level and type of population.

– Mass screening is for 12 million people in France without a risk factor for colorectal cancer and, because they are aged 50 or older, have an average risk of developing the disease. 
– Only tests for occult blood in stools fit this mass screening, and among them, only the Hemoccult was seriously evaluated. 
– The practice of large-scale biennial Hemoccult could reduce colorectal cancer mortality in the population subjected to screening 15 to 20% if the turnout is high during the first season (more 50%) and that these subjects continue to participate massively in successive campaigns, and virtually all subjects with a positive test had a colonoscopy.

Elements of diagnosis

                    1 – Colonoscopy

– Total colonoscopy is the ideal way of screening for colorectal cancer in patients at high risk. 
– It’s the most effective endoscopic examination on the diagnosis. It is more a treatment technique in case of discovery of a polyp as it allows their removal. The malignant polyp represents only 5-6% of all adenomas removed.
– Colonoscopy requires preparation of good quality will be achieved through the use of PEG 4000 in various forms. The examination must be performed under anesthesia.
– A polyp becoming cancerous ten, it is assumed that all polyps should be removed

                    2 – Other screening techniques

– Rectal examination: is limited to tumors located in the last 10 cm of colon
– Sigmoidoscopy: to view the terminal portion of the colon which is home to three quarters of tumors
– Imagery currently under consideration for screening MRI, ultrasound scans 
– Exploration radiological barium enema. The progress of a barium fluid is followed by fluoroscopy.
– Pathology: The most common histological type is adenocarcinoma lieberkumien (adenocarcinoma) typical or atypical (colloid mucous or anaplastic).

Prognostic factors
(From Standards, Options and Recommendations of the National Federation of Centres for Combating Cancer cons)

Knowledge of prognostic factors of cancers of the colon can specify the role of different treatments in the context of a multidisciplinary management.

                    1 – The standard prognostic factors

– Degree of invasion of colon cancer transparietal
– Invasion by contiguity to adjacent organs
– Lymph Nodes
– Importance of lymph node
– Presence or absence of metastases

                    2 – Other prognostic factors

– Factors related to patients gender, age, race, history of blood transfusion in the perioperative period, duration of symptoms before treatment, lifestyle
– Clinicopathologic characteristics of primary cancer: tumor site, revealed by acute intestinal obstruction, revealed by a perforation, macroscopic
– Factors postoperative pathology: histological differentiation, histological type, venous vascular invasion, lymph vascular invasion
– Determination of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen
– Protein p53
– Studies of DNA and genetic markers
– Etc. …

In case if you have cancer then there are chances that you can bear the expenses but then if you do not have insurance your savings will get affected to a great extend. In this case of the very good option for you would be to go for regular checkups so that you can identify the illness at the initial stage.

In case you have a family history of getting various illnesses then this becomes very much important for you. In this case having health insurance policy becomes very important and if you have taken it priory you might not have to bear high premiums for insurance.

Cancer is one kind of illness that can take place anytime and that too without any warnings like other illnesses. Therefore you might have to check out the cancer treatment that can prove to be cheaper alternative. In case you search for these alternatives you will come across many but one of them is medical tourism. This is the option that will help you to provide affordable alternatives for cancer treatment in other countries where you can get medical facilities at low prices.

Therefore getting in touch with the medical tourism companies can prove to be a great idea. These are the ones that can provide you with various packages which will comprise of medical treatment, immigration and many more other such services which are required. In the developed countries medical expenditures are high as compared to that of the developing countries and so with the help of the medical tourisms you can take the cancer treatment at developing countries that do not charge high.

So what are you waiting for get started with searching for medical tourism to get affordable cancer treatment!

STEPS TO DIAGNOSIS

A chest X-ray will usually show whether cancer is present, but other tests will confirm the diagnosis and give the more detailed information that is required before any decision can be made about treatment. A sample of sputum will be analyzed in the cytology lab. A test called a bronchoscopy may be performed under local anesthetic to allow a doctor to look inside the lung and do a biopsy (take a tissue sample).

Alternatively, the doctor may perform a mediastinoscopy, which involves inserting a small telescope via an incision in the neck to look at the chest and lymph nodes and take samples.

SURGERY

The treatment plan will be based on the type of cancer and whether it has spread beyond the lung. An operation to remove the tumor may be the best option for non-small cell cancer. This may involve removing all or part of an affected lung. In some treatment trials, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may be used together with surgery in various combined treatments. Surgery is rarely the right treatment for small cell cancer, since it is unlikely that the cancer will be confined to the lung and so it would be impossible to remove all the cancer with an operation.

RADIATION

This can be very useful for relieving pain and in situations where a tumor is causing other problems, such as blocking an important blood vessel or causing a lung to collapse. It is also being used in new ways in clinical trials, such as giving it in several daily doses for people with non-small cell cancer or combined with chemotherapy for some people with small cell cancer.

CHEMOTHERAPY

Anti-cancer drugs that destroy the tumor cells or inhibit them from multiplying are the best option for treating small cell lung cancer. In many patients, combination chemotherapy is recommended over therapy with a single agent.

This article starts off a serious of articles called Fighting Cancer with Early Detection and is brought to you by GenWay Biotech Incorporated.  Our mission is to provide our readers with important facts and figures to enable patients to make better health decisions.  This article is not written by a doctor, and it should not be used in place of your physician’s recommendation.  You may wish to use the information provided in this article to facilitate a discussion with your physician.  To learn more about GenWay Biotech’s cancer assessment, visit the website http://www.youtestyou.com.

The impact of cancer in the United States in undeniable.  Cancer directly affects about one in three women and one in two men in the U.S (1), with more than 560,000 dyeing (2, 3) from it each year. It is widely known that the best chance to reduce these fatality numbers is through early detection. There are two major components of early detection of cancer: screening and education to promote early diagnosis.

Regular use of established screening tests can prevent the development of cancer.  Either through identification and removal or treatment abnormalities, screening tests can improve survival and decrease mortality by detecting cancer at an early stage when treatment is more effective.  It is important to note that screening refers to testing in individuals who have no symptoms for a particular disease) (4).  This makes sense because in many cases symptoms are not present before cancer is diagnosed.

Early detection of cancer through regular screening has been shown to reduce the number of deaths from cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, and uterine cervix. For instance, in addition to detecting cancer early, regular screening can, in many cases, prevent colorectal cancer altogether.  This is because some polyps, or growths, can be found and removed before they have the chance to turn into cancer (4).

Survival rates improve dramatically when cancer is diagnosed early and the disease is confined to the organ of origin.  The relative 5-year survival rate for colorectal cancer when diagnosed at an early stage before it has spread is about 90%. But only about 4 out of 10 colorectal cancers are found at that early stage. Once the cancer has spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes, the 5-year relative survival rate goes down, and if cancer has spread to distant organs (like the liver or lung) the rate is about 11% (4).

A standard 5-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients who live at least 5 years after their cancer is diagnosed; it includes people with colorectal cancer who may die of other causes, such as heart disease. Five-year relative survival rates are adjusted for patients dying of other diseases, so they reflect the chances of not dying specifically from colorectal cancer.  (ACS)

Another striking example is the fact that nine out of 10 women can survive breast cancer simply by detecting it early.  Prognosis of a breast cancer depends largely upon its stage and grade at diagnosis, 5-year survival rates ranging from 84% in women diagnosed with Stage 1 disease to 18% in women with Stage 4 disease.

Education to promote early diagnosis should encompass the increased awareness of new screening tests and possible warning signs of cancer, among physicians, nurses and other health care providers as well as among the general public.  People without symptoms or special risks need to be aware of these screening methodologies and to be sure they are communicated to the physician.

National organizations such as American Cancer Society (ACS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) are dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives, and diminishing suffering from cancer through research, education, advocacy, and service.  A table below represents the generally accepted screening methods based on cancer type for your reference.

This article is brought to you by GenWay Biotech Incorporated.  Our company offers a cancer assessment aimed to detect cancer in the early stages under the brand name You Test You™.  To learn more please visit the website http://www.youtestyou.com.

References:

1. Horner MJ, Ries LAG, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Howlader N, Altekruse SF, Feuer EJ, Huang L, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Lewis DR, Eisner MP, Stinchcomb DG, Edwards BK (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2006, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006/, based on November 2008 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2009.

2. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 2004 Incidence and Mortality. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute, 2007.

3. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2009.

4. American Cancer Society. Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts and Figures 2009. American Cancer Society, 2009.

Cancer – It’s one of the most frightening words in the English language, and increasingly, skin cancer is becoming a real concern among many. Unfortunately, it’s not an easy prospect to face. More than 3.5 million people hear this diagnosis on an annual basis, and if you’re one of them, you may be wondering where to turn.

Fortunately, a growing specialty among doctors is dermatology. Colorado Springs, alone, plays host to hundreds of dermatology professionals, and it’s doctors like these who can help you overcome this debilitating diagnosis.

What Happens Now?

After you’ve located a professional who can treat your illness, the next step is an evaluation of your condition. There will be a thorough visual examination, and you can typically expect to have a biopsy done as well. Unlike in some other cancers, a biopsy is typically a fairly quick procedure in the event skin cancer is suspected, and you can expect the entire thing to take place in under an hour right in your dermatologist’s office. The sample is then sent to a lab, and if you do indeed have one of the forms of skin cancer, the next step is for your dermatologist to go over your treatment options.

Possible Treatments

For the most part, your course of treatment will depend highly on the type of skin cancer you are diagnosed with as well as the extent of your condition. There are, though, a few fairly common treatment options that may be possible in your case.

Mohs Microscopic Surgery is one of the newest, and best, courses of treatment for many. The overall goal is that of almost any surgical procedure – to remove the affected tissue – but it’s the way in which this task is accomplished that makes this such a unique procedure. At the outset, the surgeon takes out a tiny piece of the tumor and looks at it through a microscope. Then he continues that process, mapping the tumor out as he goes, until the entire thing is removed. The advantages here are tremendous. First, the success rate is nearly 98%, and it works on very large lesions that haven’t responded well to other treatment options. Second, it’s an outpatient procedure that can be performed in many surgical centers. Finally, it’s ideal in the event that the lesion occurs on your face or other visible parts of your body, as much of the skin tissue is preserved using this technique.

Skin cancer can be frightening, but one of your best options is working with a clinic that specializes in dermatology. Colorado Springs has much to offer in this arena, so it’s essential that you find the right practitioner to meet your needs.

What is Cancer?

Cells throughout the body are continually being lost and replaced, occuring in a state of balance. If, for some reason, the control mechanisms ensuring this balance become disrupted, a cell may start multiplying out of control – a tumour is then born.

Tumours are classified into whether they are benign or malignant. Benign tumours are those which, whilst growing in a uncontrolled manner, do not spread beyond the confines of their anatomical boundaries. Malignant tumours, on the other hand, are those which have the ability to invade structures and thereby enabling them to spread beyond their anatomical boundaries. They are also able to spread to distant parts of the body by invading the blood and lymphatic systems. The characteristic feature shared by all cancers is that this usual balance between cell loss and cell multiplication is disrupted.

What are the Risk Factors for developing Breast Cancer?

Some women with one, or even a few risk factors, never go on to develop breast cancer, whilst there are many women with breast cancer who have no apparent risk factors.

The Following are known risk factors:

• Having had cancer in one breast: this increases 3 to 4 fold, the risk of developing a new breast cancer, unrelated to the first, in the other breast, or in another part of the same breast.

• Getting older: the risk of breast cancer increases with age, the peak incidence occurring in the 55 to 59 age group. Whilst breast cancer predominantly affects older women, it can occur in women under 30 years of age.

• Family history of breast cancer: having a first degree relative (mother, sister or daughter) with breast cancer increases your risk of having breast cancer yourself.

• Predisposing breast conditions: history of certain breast conditions, such as atypical lobular or ductal hyperplasia, and lobar carcinoma in-situ, increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

• Genetics: carriers of alterations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are at higher risk of developing breast cancer. Women suspected to have genetic risk for breast cancer should undergo genetic risk assessment by a specialist (ideally in a cancer genetics clinic). Women with this BRCA mutation have about a 5 – 10 times increased risk for developing breast cancer compared to women without this mutation. They also tend to present with breast cancer at a much earlier age.

• Being Overweight

• Alcohol intake

• Race: caucasian women have been found to be at slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer than their African-American, Hispanic, Native American and Asian counterparts.

• Presence of other cancers in the family: a positive family history of cancers of the ovaries, uterus, cervix or colon increases the risk of you developing breast cancer.

• Excessive exposure to radiation

• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): long term use of combined oestrogen and progesterone increases the risk of breast cancer.

• Late childbirth: having your first child after the age of 35 or never having children increases your risk of breast cancer.

• Early menarche: if you had your first period before the age of 12 years, your risk is increased.

• Late menopause: if you reach menopause very late, this would also increase your risk of breast cancer.

What are the Symptoms?

Breast cancer, in its early stages, usually has no symptoms. As the tumour grows, some of the following symptoms may be noticed:

• Lump in the breast or underarm that does not change in size with your mensus. Lumps due to breast cancer are typically painless.
• Changes in the colour or skin of the breast, areola or nipple (e.g. puckering, dimpling or scaling)
• Change in the nipple, such as retraction (pulled in nipple), itching or burning sensation, or discharge from the nipple.
• A marble-like hardened area under the skin of the breast.
• Change in the size or shape of the breast

What Can Help Decrease the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer?

A healthy balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding over-consumption of alcohol, will help decrease the chances of developing breast cancer, along with a host of other diseases. Minimizing the use of Hormone Replacement Therapy to as short a time as possible will also minimize risk.

Having regular screening mammograms will not decrease the risk of developing breast cancer, but it enables the best chance of early detection, where treatment is generally more successful.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Many women present to their doctors with breast symptoms which do not turn out to be due to cancer. Common benign conditions of the breast include fibroadenomas and fibrocystic disease of the breast. However, all new breast changes should be evaluated by a doctor.

Doctors generally make the diagnosis of breast cancer by employing what is commonly known as the “Triple Test”. As its name suggests, there are three parts to it:

(i) Clinical Examination
(ii) Imaging of the Breast
(iii) Breast Biopsy

1. Clinical Examination

Breast examination by a doctor involves inspecting and palpation of all 4 quadrants (the breast is typically categorized into 4 parts) of both breasts, the area under the nipples, and under both arms to feel for lymph node enlargement.

2. Imaging of the Breast

Mammography is the commonest test used to detect breast cancer. In younger women who tend to have much denser breast tissue, mammograms may be difficult to read and doctors may request for other imaging methods instead.

Benign breast lumps are typically rounded with smooth edges. Cancers, by contrast, usually appear denser with an irregular edge. The surrounding tissue may also be distorted by invading cancer cells. Cancers may also be associated clusters of calcium flecks which show up on mammograms as bright white dots.

Ultrasound of the breast is a good way to focus on areas of the breast which are of particular concern, such as in a region where a lump is felt. It is also frequently done in younger women with denser breast tissue in whom mammograms may not be suitable.

MRIs are sometimes used to assist in the screening of women at high risk of breast cancer, obtaining more detailed assessment of an area of particular concern found on mammogram or ultrasound, as well as in the monitoring for recurrence after treatment.

3. Breast Biopsy

Fine-Needle Aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) involves collecting a small sample of breast tissue using a long, thin needle and a syringe. FNAs are done under local anaesthesia. Mammograms or ultrasounds are often used to help locate the area of concern. Cells aspirated are then sent to a pathology laboratory for staining and interpretation.

Core / Mammotome Biopsy

This is similar to the FNA, however, in this case a much larger needle is used to obtain a “worm” of breast tissue rather than just some cells as in that obtained by an FNA. The core biopsy is also done under local anaesthesia and it gives doctors more breast tissue to work on, increasing the accuracy of diagnosis.

Open Surgical Biopsy

This requires a cut in the skin, in order to remove a sample of the lump, or sometimes, the entire lump. This method, whilst being the most accurate method of differentiating benign from cancerous lesions, is a lot more invasive than the previously discussed methods.

Your breast surgeon will advise you on the most appropriate method for obtaining a biopsy sample for you.

Factors Which Affect Prognosis:

Several factors are know to affect the likelihood of successful treatment and the risk of recurrence.

These would include the following:

• The stage of the cancer (size of tumour, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes or to other parts of the body)
• The type of breast cancer (eg. tubular, mucinous, papillary)
• Whether the tumour is hormone receptor (estrogen/progesterone receptors) positive or negative
• Histological grade
• Human epidermal growth factor type 2 receptor (HER2) gene amplification and/or overexpression
• Whether the tumour is a new one or a recurrence
• The age, menopausal status and general health of the woman

Like all cancers, a brain tumour occurs due to an abnormal growth of cells. Brain tumours can affect any part of the brain, and can also be found on the inside of the skull.

They can also consist of primary tumours (tumours which start in the brain) and secondary tumours (tumours which have started in another part of body and have spread to the brain).

Causes of Brain Tumours

All cancers are essentially caused by a number of factors, and we know that toxins in the body, oxygen deprivation, an acidic pH balance and a weak immune system can all be to blame.

However, when it comes to brain tumours we know that there are a few specific factors that can lead to their formation. Generally, brain tumours are more common in older people, although they can occur in people of all ages. As well as that, a history of cancer in the family will make it more likely to become victim to a brain tumour. Although less likely, radioactivity has also been proven to influence the growth of brain tumours.

Brain Tumour Symptoms

There are countless symptoms associated with brain tumours. The most common symptom by far is a headache or a series of headaches. Headaches can be particularly painful, or they can seem quite normal. Most people visit the doctor when they have suddenly started experiencing headaches with greater frequency or intensity.

As well as headaches, other common symptoms include nausea, dizziness, fits, memory loss and drowsiness. An increase in the pressure in the head, known as raised ICP, is another common symptom. This is caused by a brain tumour growing and putting pressure on the inside of the head. However, we should clarify that all of these symptoms can be symptoms of less serious conditions, so although they should be checked out, none of them should cause undue alarm.

Conventional Treatments

The type of treatment required depends on the stage of the brain tumour. Surgery is often required to remove the tumour, but this will be dictated by the position of the tumour. Sometimes the tumour can be too near to a very sensitive area and it can therefore be too risky. If it is not possible to remove the whole tumour then sometimes only a part of it is removed, but this can still help.

Surgery can be very risky, and it can also lead to infection and bleeding in some cases. Due to the proximity of the surgery area to crucial parts of the nervous system, it can also lead to partial paralysis of the face and vision loss.

Radiation and chemotherapy are also options when it comes to treating brain tumours, but these come with harsh side effects including loss of hair, drowsiness and nausea.

Radiosurgery is also used to treat brain tumours. This involves directing powerful beams of radiation directly at the tumours, killing them without damaging the rest of the surrounding area. However, this can also lead to headaches and fatigue.

As all treatments can sometimes lead to problems with speech, thought and vision, they may often require some sort of follow up treatment as well as the initial treatment.

Alternative and Complementary Treatments

One of the most effective alternative treatments that we know of is actually one of the simplest, and it comes in the form of a diet. The Budwig Diet is a specially formulated diet designed specifically to beat cancer in a natural but powerful way, with no side effects.

This diet is based on the principle that all cancer cells, including those in brain tumours, require glucose in order to grow. By reducing the amount of glucose in the blood, the cancerous cells cannot grow. This therefore requires the patient to reduce their sugar intake completely, preventing the cancer cells from growing and strengthening the immune system at the same time to fight them.

The Budwig Diet is one of the most effective alternative therapies, but we can also recommend a number of other alternative treatments that can be used to treat brain tumours. One of the most effective is known as bio photonic light treatment. This is when natural UV rays are used to target the cancer cells directly, killing them over a period of treatment with no damage to the rest of the body.

High body temperature therapy is another of the most effective alternative treatments that sees high success rates. This involves the heating of the body to produce a special type of sweat that is packed full of harmful toxins. Reducing the level of toxins in the body provides a completely natural way to treat the cancer.

But there are many more types of alternative therapies for brain tumours, including emotional healing, SCIO therapies, ultra sound and massage therapy. These can all be used alongside the Budwig Diet, and due to their natural properties there is no limit on which types of treatment can be used along

Other symptoms include changes in the appearance of the eyes. Red or watery eyes are often reported. Others report bulging eyes. Changes in the color and appearance of dark spots in the iris are also not rare among those affected by eye cancer.

Basically there are two types of eye cancer: Primary intraocular and secondary intraocular. Melanoma eye cancer develops inside the eyeball and is a primary intraocular type, common in adults. Secondary intraocular cancer spreads to the eyes from other parts of the body and is not essentially an eye cancer in its true form. These cancers spread into that part of the eyeball called uvea. If left undetected it can turn very serious and knowing the symptoms is important in seeking proper treatments for eye cancer.

Causes of eye cancer are not yet known clearly identified, but exposure to ultraviolet rays, retinoblastoma and a weak immune system are reasons which can result in eye cancers.

One should wear protection on the eyes to protect them from sunlight which contain ultra violet rays and can cause serious complications on long term exposure. Research has shown that ultra violet rays can cause numerous types of cancers of the eye and other disease. People having shades of colors other than black are more prone to develop melanoma. Some people have a number of moles throughout their body and are susceptible to eye cancers. Genetics also plays a major role in development of eye cancer. Besides, an increased exposure to ultraviolet rays and sunlight increases the chance of developing the disease. The effects of eye cancer can debilitate an affected person both physically and mentally. A blurred vision, or more worse, blindness in one eye can be a major obstacle in performing routine tasks. Additionally, the patient experiences anguish and frustration because of these hindrances in his day to day activities. Surgical treatments that involve techniques for destroying melanoma often cause loss of some vision, even though utmost care is taken to preserve vision. Some melanomas can be treated with radiation alone while other treatments may involve both radiation and infrared laser therapy to accomplish the job.

Unfortunately it is not known what  causes these polyps to embellish cancerous cells, but there are a certain number of risks associated with cancer that affects the colon. Age is an important risk factor ;with more than three quarters of cancers of bowels occurring in the people who are more than 60 years of age.

Nutrition is another significant risk factor of cancer of the colon with the excessive consumption of the red meats and alcohol and low fiber foods all related to the development of this cancer. Other factors which increase your risk to contract this cancer include family antecedents of the disease, inflammatory diseases of the intestines, and lack of physical activity.

If cancer develops it is often accompanied by a certain number of symptoms. These symptoms of colorectal cancer are often low key in the beginning but become all worse than cancer develops. Some of the symptoms are directly associated with the growth of cancer and include the abdominal pain, the bloody stools, the changing movements of bowels and the rectal bleeding.

The rectal bleeding is in particular one of the most common symptoms; thus if you note any bleeding of this sector which consult your doctor immediately. Other less obvious symptoms include the not explained loss of weight and excessive fatigue.

Moderate and regular exercise can appreciably reduce the risk of colorectal cancer; exercising to cut your risk for this cancer by 40 percent, Change your diet and know what you consume. Many people do not realize how important a fiber is when you try to remain in good health.

Preventative colon cancer checks ups – annual colon screenings is recommended to help to detect colon cancer early. This means tests that look at polyps that may have formed and attached themselves in your intestine. . The most common test is sigmoidoscopy, with barium or a virtual colonoscopy. The doctor is this test removes suspicious polyps and has those biopsies to make sure they are not cancerous. Most polyps are harmless but this type of detection can find colon cancer in its earliest stages and improve treatment outcomes.. These anomalies can be detected and removed early. You can improve your survival of colon cancer by as much as 80% with early detection. You begin these tests with at approximately 45, and then have one every 5 or 10 years.

Diet and lifestyle – that is not any doubt that your lifestyle can increase the cancer risk. The incidence of cancer c (colorectal cancer) is very frequent in the places where people have these risk factors: physical inactivity, excessive catch of calories from of grease, protein, and sugar, alcohol abuse, consumption red meat including sausages and hot-dogs. Reciprocally, the physical-activity and the consumption in the fruits and the vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, curly kale, cabbage, and berries of various sorts containing the antioxidant micronutrients would reduce the colon cancer risk or of its reoccurrence

. news was reported by scientists of institute of Dana-Farber Cancer in a pair of studies announced in a journal of the clinical oncology in August 2006 shows even moderate exercise will reduce your risk for colon cancer. Adding more fruit and vegetables and walking are some of the most positive steps you can take to reduce colon cancer.

Genetics. -The colorectal cancer like many of the common cancers can run in the genetic code of families. The study of genetics in cancer is among the many areas of clinical research that is helping physicians gain insight into factors not related to lifestyle. The advances by including the /understanding the genetic base of the human diseases creates new opportunities for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation for people who are at risk for cancer on the basis of heredity.

Age- if you think of the beginnings of colorectal cancer occur after 50 you will be surprised to find this is not always true. Though the methods of detection improved and there was a decline in this type of cancer in the people above age 50, the recent studies indicated that this type of cancer increased in the people between the ages from 20 to 49 by 5.9%.
Treatments
the surgery is the most common treatment for cancer of the colon with the process trying to extract the cancer cells by removing polyps and the diseased part of the intestine. r. Chemotherapy (the use of the anti-cancer drugs) and the radiotherapy (the use of the radiation of high energy radiates) are sometimes treatments of colorectal cancer. But drugs and radiation are generally used to help to narrow the number of cancer cells before the surgery and then to reduce the risk of cancer returning after surgery.
Chemotherapy is the more frequent treatment used to deal with the colorectal cancer. During this therapy the doctors will decide what drugs can best kill and stop the spread of cancer cells. Some of the common drugs are listed below.

Adrucil
It is a type of drug which is used to keep the cancer cells from breeding. This is used to address only colorectal cancer but also cancer of rectum, the stomach,

Eloxatin
This drug is used to kill cancer cells that may occur in the colon and other areas in the body. It is often used with other chemotherapy drugs.
Leucovorin
this drug fights colorectal cancer at molecular levels. It seeks to change the molecular structure of the cancer cell rendering it harmless.

Life style changes are the best thing a person at risk for colon cancer can do Simply adding fiber by means of fruits and vegetables  to your diet and walking will go a long way to reducing your risk.

Researchers are working around the country to come up with better tests to pinpoint the difference between aggressive cancers and ones that can be safely left alone. With current tests doctors can’t tell which is which and many cancer patients go through drastic surgeries and treatments they have no real need for. Some of the most promising approaches are looking at genes on tumors and the protein produced by them to find the signs of dangerous cancers.

Doctors have for a long time used something called the Gleason score to decide whether to treat prostate cancer or leave it alone. The higher the score the more aggressive the cancer. A score 6 is right in the middle and leaves doctors undecided. A Gleason 6 can become aggressive or not. Less than half with the score 6 will become evasive, but most men with this score will end up being treated. Now researchers say examining tumor cells for two genes may help determine if it’s necessary. One test looks for a mutation in a gene known as ERG, the other looks at one called PCA3. If both cells are inactive in the cancer cells, he might be able to avoid this aggressive therapy.

A smarter test Oncotype DX, used in some breast cancer patients gives results to calculate the likelihood of the cancer recurring within ten years. It’s used for early stage breast cancer to help decide if treatments like chemotherapy should be done after surgery. Those with a low score can opt out of destructive treatments. Doctors are following women who decide against the harsh treatments to see if they do as well as those who had treatment.

For many the serious side effects of chemotherapy are worth putting up with if it means a longer life. Yet, only one cancer screening test, the Pap smear has truly slashed the risk of death. Between 1955 and 1992, according to the American Cancer Society, Pap smears cut the death rate for certain cervical cancers by 74 percent, and deaths continued to decline each year. No other test has had such a powerful record. The PSA for prostate cancer has been widely used in the United States since the 1980s but it’s not clear that it has had an effect on the deaths from prostate cancer.

Carcinoma of the cervix is the most frequent of all genital tract cancers &, of all cancers occurring in women, it takes 2nd place after cancer of breast. It is generally a malignant epithelial growth from the mucus lining of the cervix (Squamous/ Columnar epithelium).

Carcinoma of the uterus is regionally divided into:-

1.  Carcinoma of the endometrium of the body of the uterus.

2.  Carcinoma of the cervix.

Carcinoma of the cervix is again subdivided into:-

1.  Carcinoma of the portiovaginalis comprising 80% of all cervical cancers.

2.  Endocervical carcinoma which accounts for the remaining 20%.

CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CERVICAL CANCER-

·      Stage 0- Intra epithelial carcinoma/ carcinoma in situ.

·      Stage 1- The carcinoma is confined to the cervix only.

·      Stage 1a- Cases of minimal stromal invasion less than 3mm stromal invasion below the base of the epithelium.

·      Stage 1b-All other cases of stage I.

·      Stage II- Carcinoma extends beyond the cervix, but has not reached the lateral pelvic wall. Carcinoma involves the vagina but not the lower third.

·      Stage IIa- The carcinoma involves the parametrium.

·      Stage IIb- The carcinoma involves the vagina but not the lower third.

·      Stage III- The carcinoma has reached the lateral pelvic wall. The carcinoma involves the lower third of the vagina.

·      Stage IV- The carcinoma involves the mucosa of  bladder of the rectum or both or has extended beyond the pelvis.

DIAGNOSIS-

I.                 HISTORY-

·      Usually the patient is grand multipara aged about 35-45 years.

·      She may have no complaints at all or may complain of:-

a)    Irregular intermenstrual or post menopausal bleeding per vagina, particularly following any stress like micturition or defaecation or following coitus.

b)   Discharge P/V- at first watery then it is brown stained & with offensive odour.

II.             ON EXAMINATION-

·      General condition- Not effected.

·      P/A- N.A.D.

·      Per vagina-

a)  On speculum examination-

1.    No abnormality

2.    An ulcer, erosion, cauliflower like growth or nodule may be seen.

3.    The growth bleeds on examination.

b)On bimanual examination-

1.    Finding on speculum examination confirmed.

2.    No induration beyond the cervix.

3.    Uterus mobile.

4.    Parametrium- not thickened.

5.    Cervix may appear barrel shaped in cases of endophytic or endocervical growth.

6.    Blood or brown stained discharge stains the examining fingers.

·      Rectal examination-

1.   Rectal mucosa free.

2.   Parametrium not involved.

III.         INVESTIGATION-

·      Friability test/ Probe test

·      Schiller’s test

·      Colposcopy

·      Colpomicroscopy

·      Vaginal cytology

·      Biopsy

TREATMENT-

1.  Homoeopathic treatment-

a)  Arsenic

b)Calc Carb

c)  Carbo animalis

d)Lachesis

e)  Kreosote

2.  Surgical treatment of early cancer cervix-

This depends on the age of the patient & parity. But the general mode of the treatments are:-

I.                 Treatment of Stage 0-

·      Elderly patient(aged above 40 years or above)- Panhysterectomy along with removal of a portion of the vagina. Lymph nodes are not removed.

·      Young parous patients- Total hysterectomy along with removal of a portion of the vagina.

·      Young nullipara or patient wants children- Regular follow up by smear & cone biopsy. With this the cancerous area may be removed.

1)    Smear becomes negative-

i) Cervix looks healthy- nothing is to be done.

ii) Cervix looks unhealthy- Carterisation or amputation.

2)    Smear remains positive- The patient is asked to get married soon, to have a baby followed by total hysterectomy along with removal of portion of the vagina.

II.             State I cancer of the cervix-

·      Radiotherapy

·      Surgery-

      i) Schuta & schuta operation.

      ii) Mitra’s operation.

III.         Surgery followed by radiotherapy

IV.       Radiotherapy followed by surgery- Radiotherapy followed by bilateralpelvic lymphadenectomy.

3.  Palliative-

·      Radiotherapy

·      Extentoration operation

·      Relief of pain

·      Palliative treatment also includes all necessary efforts to control haemorrhage, secure perfect cleanliness & neutralize the offensive odor.

4.  Prevention-

Prevention is difficult because we don’t know the cause of cancer. But following measures can be adopted on the basis of the known etiological factors:-

·      Prevention of early marriage.

·      Avoidance of early & promiscuous sex habit.

·      Restricted number of children although nulliparity is no guarantee against development of cancer.

·      Circumcision although improved local hygiene can also be acquired without circumcision.

·      Improved intranatal case, e.g., avoidance of forceps delivery etc.

·      Cauterisation & amputation of traumatised cervix.

·      Avoidance of sub-toal hysterectomy which reduces the incidence of stump carcinoma.

·      Routine total hysterectomy in case of metaplasia, basal cell hyperplasia cancer-in-situ.

·      Rotting vaginal cytology for all patients attending antenatal clinic & gynaecological out patients department.

·      Publicity, mass-education, propaganda.

For women looking to fend off breast cancer, boosting the immune system is in order.  Of course, a good immune system boosting supplement is excellent for women that have already developed breast cancer as well.  One recommended supplement can be identified in the Maitake mushroom, which can be consumed in a tea.  The Maitake mushroom enhances immune system functioning, because the Maitake mushroom has beta-glucans.  Maitake mushrooms are also available in dried form, in capsule form, in powdered form, and as a liquid so the mushroom is relatively easy to consume.

The well-appreciated herb known as Ginseng is another recommended supplement for those seeking to fend off breast cancer onset.  Ginseng is an herb that is available in liquid or capsule form and it is known for its immunological boosting properties.  Ginseng is also appreciated for its anti-tumor properties too.  Studies reveal that women who actually consumed Ginseng before being officially diagnosed with the disease had a higher breast cancer survival rate than those women who did not consume Ginseng before being diagnosed.  Ginseng also delivers additional benefits too; the herb is fantastic for treating issues with depression and hormonal imbalances as well.

A superlative all natural remedy for fighting the onset of breast cancer can be identified in acupuncture.  Acupuncture is believed to restore the body’s natural energy flow in one’s body so that optimal health can be restored as well.  Some women opt for acupuncture treatments while enduring chemotherapy treatments too since acupuncture helps to minimize the harmful side effects associated with chemotherapy treatments.  If considering acupuncture, you might also benefit from other all natural remedies like Chromotherapy, which is a restoration of the body’s natural energies via exposure to specific colored lighting.

If seeking a truly invigorating form of improving one’s health and one might consider either investing in a sauna or using a sauna at the local gym or spa.  Sauna treatments aid in detoxifying the body, cleansing away impurities, boosting the immune system, and giving the user of the sauna a general, overall sense of well being.  Of course, the sauna user also gets the additional perk of treating bodily aches, pains, and muscle tensions too, and the act of de-stressing and completely unwinding in a sauna helps to improves one’s health in myriad ways.

Many types of tumors can start growing in the ovaries. Some are benign, meaning they are noncancerous. Benign tumors do not spread and can be treated by removing one ovary, or part of the ovary. Ovarian cancer, however, is a cancerous tumor. If a cancerous tumor is not treated, it can spread to other parts of the body. To better understand what is happening inside you, it will help you to understand the basic anatomy of the ovaries.

Epithelial tumors

Epithelial tumors occur in the epithelium, which is the tissue that covers the outside of the ovary. About 90% of ovarian cancers are of this type. The risk of epithelial ovarian cancer increases with age and occurs mostly in women over 60, but it can develop at any age.

There are several types of epithelial cancers of the ovary. They include:

• serous

• mucinous

• endometrioid

• clear cell

• undifferentiated or unclassifiable.

Germ Cell Tumor.

These types of tumors develop in the egg-producing tissue. Approximately 5 percent of women with ovarian cancer have germ cell tumors. This cancer type usually occurs in teenage girls and young women and is effectively treated when it is detected in the incipient stages.

There are 2 Germ Cell Tumour

Endodermal sinus tumor: This is a rare type of tumor that develops in girls and young women. It is characterized by a rapid growth process and can spread quickly. Chemotherapy is the most effective treatment option for this type of germ cell tumor.

Choriocarcinoma: This is another rare type of cancerous tumor that develops in the placenta during pregnancy. Choriocarcinomas can grow and spread rapidly. The most effective treatment option for this type of tumor is chemotherapy.

Stromal tumors.

These tumors develop in the estrogen- and progesterone-producing tissue that holds the ovary together.

Borderline Ovarian Cancers

Borderline ovarian cancers may be composed of serous, clear cell, endometrioid or mucinous material, but spread slowly and have a high cure rate. Ten to fifteen percent of epithelial cases are borderline, and they develop most often between the ages of thirty and eighty. In most cases, surgical removal is enough to cure a borderline growth.

Serous Tumors

Forty percent of epithelial tumors are serous growths. Serous cells produce a thin, watery fluid. Serous growths may be benign (serous cystadenoma), or malignant (serous cystadenocarcinoma). Fifty percent of such growths are malignant. Women between the ages of forty and sixty are most likely to develop serous tumors.

Treatment

Local therapy: Surgery and radiation therapy are local therapies. They remove or destroy ovarian cancer in the pelvis. When ovarian cancer has spread to other parts of the body, local therapy may be used to control the disease in those specific areas.

Surgery — The first step in treating ovarian cancer usually involves surgical removal of as much cancerous tissue as possible (called optimal surgical debulking or optimal cytoreduction). Optimal surgical debulking impacts the woman’s prognosis (cancer outcome) it also influences the choice of chemotherapy treatment as well. A woman is more likely to have optimal cytoreduction if her initial surgery is performed by a gynecologic oncologist, a specialist in cancers of the female reproductive system. This topic is addressed elsewhere.

Numerous techniques are employed to combat these diseases, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, interferon therapy, hormone therapy, and blood transfusion. But the remedies that are currently in use are either only for reducing the immediate complications associated with these diseases or for slowing down the proliferation of the diseases.

There has been only limited success in the cure of these diseases due to various factors such as resistance, difficulty in targeting the affected area, and the huge costs involved. Additionally, toxicity of the drugs, ablative surgery, radiation damage, and chemotherapy hazards make the situation worse. With all conventional therapeutics, an overall 2.4% survival of cancer patients has been reported within 5 years after diagnosis.

The Ayurvedic Perspective
The word cancer may be new to the 5,000 year old Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, which relies on natural substances for healing. But ancient Ayurvedic classics are aware of the clinical features, resembling cancer, with the names such as Apachi, Gulma, Granthi, and Arbuda. Following are names of some of the conditions mentioned in Ayurvedic classics that have relevance to cancer manifestations in modern medicine.

Knowing More about Cancer
Cancer has largely remained incurable due to its complexity and its ability to spread rapidly and uncontrollably. It is a condition in which our own body cells turn hostile. Let us elaborate on the occurrence of cancer in human beings.

Cell division in the form of mitosis is an essential continuous process in our body that keeps the cells reproducing. Through cell division a mature cell divides itself into two daughter cells. This is responsible for keeping our constituent body parts alive and healthy. A daughter cell, thus produced, must be an exact replica of its mother. In case of an error in the duplication at the genetic level, the daughter cells might become mutated or modified. These mutated cells start duplicating themselves in an abnormal way, often giving rise to a situation where extra tissue is formed, which is antagonistic to the rest of the body cells. We call this disease cancer.

Sometimes, in worse situations, the mutations are such that they are carried away to another similar body organ located at a different place inside the body through the lymph fluid. This type of mutant cell is then said to exhibit metastasis. For example, in the case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, mutant cells in the kidney can move to the lungs and then to the bone. Here, the patient might show symptoms of cancer of the kidney, lungs and bones.

Cancer usually spreads very fast and a patient can meet death in less than 6 months. Therefore, remedial measures need to be undertaken as soon as cancer is detected in the body.

Various remedies available for cancer either try to put a check on the duplicating process of the mutant cells at genetic level or kill the entire collection of affected cells. The process, whether done chemically or through radiation, always runs the risk of affecting the neighbouring normal cells. Further, there are always significant side effects involved, which include hair loss, skin rashes, body pain, loss of body weight, weakness and debility, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, bleeding, impotence, etc.

Usually, when patients reach the final or terminal stage, doctors stop all remedies and ask patients to leave hospital for home. Patients then die a slow, miserable and painful death.

What Ayurveda Can Do
The excruciating experience of dying cancer patients can be ameliorated by making use of Ayurvedic principles. Ayurveda can be helpful in the management of cancer in many ways such asprophylactic, palliative, curative and supportive. Ayurvedic medicines help to improve the quality of life of the patients as listed below:

Ayurvedic preparations can act as an adjuvant or a co-therapy along with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It is also helpful in post-surgery care.

Ayurvedic medicines help to minimise the side effects of these therapies.

Ayurvedic treatment helps in reducing the therapeutic doze of the various drugs used as proved in some studies using cow urine.

They can be helpful in targeting the specific tissues as shown in some allopathic studies on nano-particles of gold.

Ayurvedic preparations help to slow the progress of cancer in cases where chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery is contra-indicated, due to some reasons and patients have no other choice.

The cell-protective activity of drugs prescribed in Rasayana therapy helps to improve comfort and the quality of life of individuals with cancer.

Ayurvedic drugs can be used as an adjuvant or co-therapy along with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is the first and significant medical modality of cancer remedy, which involves the introduction of strong chemicals. These chemicals target the fast-multiplying mutant cells. However, the toxicity they cause to normal tissues of the body proves as an obstacle.

The use of antioxidants during chemotherapy enhances therapy by reducing the generation of aldehydes. Natural drugs, which are used as Rasayanas in Ayurveda, have also been proved to have antioxidant properties.

Most commonly, all the drugs which are used in Rasayana therapy have the ability to reduce the three doshas or imbalances related to vaata, pitta and kapha. The most commonly prescribed Rasayana drugs are Triphala (Terminalia Chebula, Embellica officinale, and Terminalia ballarica), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifoia) and Punarnava (Bohhervia diffusa). According to clinical studies, such drugs have shown very impressive effects on protecting body from the side effects (of chemo and radio therapies) like alopecia, nausea, constipation, anorexia and vomiting. The patients who receive Ayurvedic treatment along with chemotherapy have shown more regularity in maintaining the chemotherapy cycles as the hematological levels can be maintained up to a normal state. More than 50 research studies on cancer carried out at various post-graduate institutes, have shown that Ayurvedic preparations are very effective as chemo-preventive and radio-preventive agents.

Interestingly, Snehana, i.e., intake of various medicated oil preparations in a classical way a week or 10 days prior to the start of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, has been found to reduce the toxic effects of such therapies.

If you want to get effective natural treatment for your cancer, get in touch with a reliable healthcare company. Jiva Ayurveda is a leading name in Ayurvedic treatment of cancer and other chronic conditions.

There are many breast cancer treatment, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Surgery is preferred for the early and middle patients, comprehensive treatment-oriented for in patients with advanced.

Breast cancer treatment by stage programs in the following:
breast cancer treatment by stage 1: Radical surgery was still the main modality of curative

treatment. Prompt radical adrenolectomy is the only means to achieve a long survival. Such as axillary lymph node metastasis, should make radiation therapy should be added for supraclavicular and parasternal lymph node regions. Recently some researchers believe that only for partial breast Or simple excision and axillary lymph node dissection group to Pectoralis major reservations.

Breast cancer treatment by stage 2: Such as cancer located in the medial quadrant of breast. Can consider for extended radical resection. Postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy and endocrine therapy

Breast cancer treatment by stage 3: Should use radiation therapy-based comprehensive treatment. Some experts advocate the first radiotherapy and then surgery, There may be considered for simple mastectomy ulcer Aikuai Combined with chemotherapy and endocrine therapyafter surgery.

Breast cancer treatment by stage 4: By endocrine, chemical-based drugs and herbal therapy, relieve pain, prolong life.

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women. The treatment is mainly guided by the TNM and clinical staging. Research progress of APBI for breast cancer treatment by stage was summarized in this article. At present, Chinese scientists are studying the use of proteomics and gene analysis as a means to predict the sensitivity of breast cancer treatment, to develop individualized treatment targets. While the jury remains out on supplements for breast cancer treatment by stage, some alternative therapies are gaining acceptance as potentially beneficial modalities when used in conjunction with standard care.